VARK
One type of learning style framework divides learning into three preferences: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic, aptly named VAK. A learner who favors visual information will more easily learn information presented in graphs, pictures, and overheads, whereas an auditory learner prefers lectures, reading out loud, and discussing ideas. Kinesthetic learners prefer learning by doing and will learn how to solve problems not by watching or listening to the solution, but by doing it themselves. This framework was expanded from VAK to VARK by Fleming (2001) to include another category: Read/Write (R). R learners prefer the written word and can learn best by reading or writing the information. One of the most common and widely used categorizations of the various types of learning styles is Neil D. Fleming's VARK model (sometimes VAK) which expanded upon earlier Neuro-linguist programming (VARK) model :
- Visual Learners
- Auditory Learners
- Reading/Writing preference Learners
- Kinesthetic or tactile learners
Fleming claimed that visual learners have a preference for seeing (think in pictures; visual aids that represent ideas using methods other than words, such as graphs, charts, diagrams, symbols, etc.). Auditory learners best learn through listening (lectures, discussions, tapes, etc.). Tactile/kinesthetic learners prefer to learn via experience—moving, touching, and doing (active exploration of the world; science projects; experiments, etc.).
Fleming's VARK Model ("Sensory input & types of memory input")
- Learn through Seeing
- Learn through listening
- Learn through moving, doing and touching
- Learn though read and Write